Author(s): Xiao, SY (Xiao, Shiyu); Zhang, ML (Zhang, Mingliang); Liu, CH (Liu, Changhua); Jiang, CW (Jiang, Chongwen); Wang, XD (Wang, Xiaodong); Yang, FH (Yang, Fuhua)

Source: SENSORS Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Article Number: 586 DOI: 10.3390/s23020586 Published: JAN 2023

Abstract: Over 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively. Long-term accurate CTD data is important for the study and utilization of oceans, e.g., for weather forecasting, ecological evolution, fishery, and shipping. Several kinds of CTD sensors based on electrics, optical, acoustic wave and radio waves have been developed. CTD sensors are often utilized by measuring electrical signals. The latest progress of CTD sensors will be presented in order of performance. The principles, structure, materials and properties of many CTD sensors were discussed in detail. The commercially available CTD sensors were involved and their respective performances were compared. Some possible development directions of CTD sensors for ocean investigation are proposed.

Accession Number: WOS:000927217000001

PubMed ID: 36679382

Author Identifiers:

Author        Web of Science ResearcherID        ORCID Number

Wang, Xiaodong                  0000-0003-0426-1358

eISSN: 1424-8220

Full Text: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/586